QUESTION 1
What is the major function of the axial skeleton?
| A. | provide central support for the body and protect internal organs
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| B. | provide an attachment point for muscles that allow movement
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| C. | provide a space for the major digestive organs
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| D. | give the body resilience
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QUESTION 2
The pelvic girdle (“pelvic bone”) does not include the ________.
| A. | ilium
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| B. | pubis
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| C. | femur
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| D. | ischium
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QUESTION 3
In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?
| A. | Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.
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| B. | Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.
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| C. | In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.
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| D. | All synovial joints are freely movable.
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QUESTION 4
Peter’s father slipped a disk in his back. Dr. Smith explained to the family that the intervertebral disks are composed of …
| A. | calcium and phosphorus
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| B. | bone
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| C. | fat
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| D. | cartilage
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QUESTION 5
Which of these junctions represents the connection between the tip of a neuron and a skeletal muscle cell from which acetylcholine diffuses?
| A. | neuromuscular
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| B. | desmosome
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| C. | neurotic
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| D. | tight
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QUESTION 6
Why do women experience the symptoms of osteoporosis more acutely than men?
| A. | Men don’t produce estrogen, so they don’t rely on it as much as women do.
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| B. | Men take in more calcium in their diet, so they can’t get osteoporosis.
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| C. | Women have less muscle mass and don’t exercise as much.
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| D. | Women have less bone mass and produce less estrogen later in life; these factors accelerate calcium loss.
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QUESTION 7
Some insecticides interfere with the removal of acetylcholine (neurotranmitter) from the synaptic cleft (the space between the neuron and the muscle). What effect will this have on muscle contraction?
| A. | The muscle cell will have a single twitch (contraction) and will be unable to contract again.
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| B. | The muscle cell will be in a state of constant stimulation, leading to a tetany response.
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| C. | The muscle cell will be unable to be stimulated again.
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| D. | The muscle cell will lose all of its supply of calcium.
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QUESTION 8
What is the result of resistance exercise (i.e. using free weights or weight machines, resistance bands and your own body weight) on skeletal muscles and bones?
| A. | Existing muscle cells increase in size and bone density/strength increases
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| B. | More mitochondria develop
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| C. | New blood vessels, muscles and bone develop
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| D. | The number of muscle cells increases
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QUESTION 9
Overuse, misuse, and age are some of the factors that contribute to excessive stress on a tendon, causing inflammation known as ________.
| A. | tetanus
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| B. | bursitis
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| C. | spasms
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| D. | tendinitis
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QUESTION 10
Organelles inside skeletal muscle cells (i.e. sarcoplasmic reticulum) stores ions that are necessary for the contraction of these cells. Which of the following ions does it store?
| A. | iron
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| B. | magnesium
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| C. | calcium
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| D. | sodium
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QUESTION 11
How are osteoblasts and osteoclasts related?
| A. | Osteoblasts (build up bone) and osteoclasts (absorb/degrade bone) work opposite each other.
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| B. | Osteocytes and osteoblasts have the same function, but osteocytes work in the adult and osteoblasts work in the fetus
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| C. | Osteocytes become osteoblasts as the bone matures
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| D. | Osteocytes are mature bone cells while osteoblasts are a form of bone cancer
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QUESTION 12
After a period of exercise, a person will breathe heavily for some time after the activity has ceased. What is happening during this time as the oxygen debt is being paid?
| A. | Creatine phosphate is being regenerated.
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| B. | Glycogen stores are being regenerated.
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| C. | Lactic acid is being removed.
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| D. | All answers are correct.
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QUESTION 13
Which substance (neurotransmitter) is released by motor neurons to stimulate skeletal muscle contractions (e.g. biceps curl)?
| A. | calcium
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| B. | myosin
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| C. | dopamine
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| D. | acetylcholine
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QUESTION 14
Bands of connective tissue that help muscles attach to bones are termed ________.
| A. | fibrocartilage
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| B. | cartilage
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| C. | ligaments
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| D. | tendons
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QUESTION 15
Which of the following is not a function of bones (i.e. the skeletal system)?
| A. | releases stored calcium and phosphorus when the body needs to use them
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| B. | protects internal organs
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| C. | produces blood cells
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| D. | produces skeletal muscle cells
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QUESTION 16
Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?
| A. | the cervical region
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| B. | the sacral promontory
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| C. | the lumbar region
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| D. | the sacrum
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QUESTION 17
A person may have a muscle injury that really affects the tendon and not the muscle tissue itself. Why is it that after a hard workout, muscle pain will go away in a few days at most, but tendinitis lasts so much longer?
| A. | Muscle cells are more elastic, so they are harder to damage.
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| B. | The electrical signals that muscle cells generate are used to aid in healing.
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| C. | Muscle cells can be rested, but tendons have to be used all the time.
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| D. | Unlike a tendon, muscle tissue has an ample blood supply, so it’s easier to repair.
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QUESTION 18
___________ muscle cells are designed for endurance (e.g. jogging and playing tennis)
| A. | Smooth
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| B. | Slow-twitch
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| C. | Cardiac
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| D. | Fast-twitch
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QUESTION 19
Which of the following is NOT a function of muscles?
| A. | generate heat
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| B. | move blood in veins
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| C. | move lymph in lymphatic vessels
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| D. | destabilize joints
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QUESTION 20
Which of these muscle types permit(s) voluntary movement?
| A. | All of these muscles permit voluntary movement.
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| B. | skeletal
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| C. | cardiac
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| D. | smooth
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