QUESTION 1   The sub-fields of Anthropology are     A….

biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, archaeology, and medical anthropology

biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, archaeology, and academic anthropology

physical anthropology, archaeology, cultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology

archaeology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, physical anthropology, and biological anthropology

demography and mortality

isotopic, dental, osteological, disease and health reconstruction, genetics (aDNA), trauma, stress indicators

population history, stress markers, and environmental reconstructions

All of the above

hominid species living in different regions around 2.5 mya

the same hominid species spreading to different regions from 3.5-2.5 mya

different skeletal traits among hominids living from 3.5-2.5 mya

multiple hominid species living around 2.5 mya

influence and choice

individual decisions

cultural evolution

religion, ritual, “Western” contact, changes in worldview, individual choice/preference, and the presence of or influence of migrants

All of the above

the belief that one’s own culture, or way of life, is natural and correct while others are not

a belief that indigenous cultures aren’t as “sophisticated” as “western” culture

the belief that indigenous cultures should be “westernized”

All of the above

on the role, culture plays in human life among and within cultures through time and across regions

the study of culture within one region through time

the study of modern cultures only

the relationship between languages and people

Because it is unknown whether the skeletal remains actually belong to the same species as many are fragmentary and incomplete

It is unknown what the range of variation within a recovered hominid species was and if all the recovered remains document this variation

The majority of the recovered hominid skeletal remains are fragmentary

All of the above

the study of communication among modern global populations only

the study of language, verbal and non-verbal, its structure, function, and history within its social and cultural context through time and across regions

the study of variations in non-verbal communication worldwide

the history of language development in one culture over time

study of how health and illness are shaped, experienced and understood in light of global, historical and political forces

study of skeletal trauma

study of how different cultures treat diseases

A and C

are only common in indigenous societies

are only common in modern societies

Mark the transition from on stage of life, season, or event to another

an arbitrary category described by cultural anthropologists to define a cultural tradition that was specific to only one culture at one time

rocks and sediment

soil

artifacts

the layering of rock and sediment layers in order to determine the approximate age of artifacts

all involve a biological component

all can include ancestry based on biological descent, individual choice or actions, cultural traditions, physical characteristics, and perceived or chosen membership to a particular social group

all are cultural categories used to separate individuals into groups

B and C

the comparison of different cultures

fieldwork in a particular culture, and provides an account and description of that community, society or culture

comparisons of theories

analysis of artifacts

the San Bushman

egalitarian societies

third genders, Native American two-spirits, the Umoja villages, the Hijra, the Boro male dancers, fa’afafine, the muxes, and the Bissus

biological differences between the sexes

applies only to plants

is an outdated theory

has not been validated

formed the basis for future DNA research