Based on his training with Charcot, Freud initially treated mental disorders with:
A tincture of honey and lemon juice
Trephination
Intense emotional support followed by humiliation
Hypnosis
Freud’s interest in dream analysis arose because hypnosis and free association could not be used:
Without supplementation using psychoactive drugs such as cocaine
To psychoanalyze himself
In men
When the subject suffered from depression
According to Freud, the driving force of personality is the:
Genetic contribution of the parents
Tip of the iceberg
Superego
Id
Horney broke with Freud in part due to his focus on concepts such as penis envy, which she criticized as lacking:
A link to psychopathology
Anecdotal evidence
A neuroanatomical basis
A feminine perspective
Solms claims a neuroanatomical basis for the id, ego and superego by mapping these concepts:
To specific psychopathologies
To the actions of certain neurotransmitters
Onto areas of the brain
To the iceberg metaphor
According to Hobson, Freud’s theory of “disguise and censorship” during dreams must be discarded because dreams are a natural consequence of activation of limbic system during REM sleep producing:
Visions, emotions and thoughts
An absence of emotional content
Id, ego and superego
Neurochemical conflicts and suppression
