1. In the retina, our rods are
Responsible for color vision
Fewer in number than cones
Able to decrease acuity in order to increase sensitivity
Present in the fovea
2. Histone acetylation generally results in
Transcriptional suppression
Transcriptional activation
Addition of methyl groups to DNA
A phosphorylation event
3. None of the following structures are considered to be the cerebral cortex, except for the
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Telencephalon
Myelencephalon
4. The hippocampus is a structure of the limbic system primarily involved in
Emotional processing
Decision making
Sleep regulation
Memory consolidation
5. Studying a group of patients at high risk for depression for a five-year period, to see if they develop depression, would best be characterized as a
Case study
Quasiexperimental study
Experiment
Non-research study
6. Depolarization of a cell can occur as a result of:
Na+ entering the cell
Cl- entering the cell
Na+ exiting the cell
None of the above
7. An example of punishment in operant conditioning would be:
Rewarding a child with ice cream for doing her/his homework
To avoid getting grounded, a child helps his/her parents with chores
A child is sent to his/her room for screaming at parent
There is no such thing as punishment in operant conditioning
8. The correct sequence of nervous system development is:
induction of the neural plate, migration, axon growth/synaptogenesis, aggregation, neural proliferation, synapse death/rearrangement.
induction of the neural plate, neural proliferation, migration, aggregation, axon growth/synaptogenesis, synapse death/rearrangement.
neural proliferation, induction of the neural plate, aggregation, migration, axon growth/synaptogenesis, synapse death/rearrangement.
axon growth/synaptogenesis, induction of the neural plate, migration, aggregation, neural proliferation, synapse death/rearrangement.
9. Which of the following is an example of antagonist activity?
Drugs that stimulate postsynaptic receptors
Drugs that block postsynaptic receptors, preventing neurotransmitters from binding to them
Drugs that stimulate the release of a neurotransmitter into the synapse
Drugs that prolong the activity of neurotransmitters in the synapse
10. Radioactively labeled molecules are used for the imaging of neurotransmitters or receptors with:
PET
DTI
MRI
EEG
11. All of the following are true about serotonin, except
It is a monoamine
It is synthesized from tryptophan
It regulates mood
It is the major neurotransmitter of the nigrostriatal pathway
12. Ionotropic receptors
Are ligand-gated
Act slowly
Have G-proteins
Activate second messenger pathways
13. Postnatal brain development involves all of the following except
Synaptogenesis
Myelination
Induction of the neural plate
Dendritic branching
14. The result of meiosis is the segregation of chromosomes from one diploid cell into
Two diploid cells
One haploid cell
Four haploid cells
One diploid cell
15. Neuropeptides:
Are small-molecule neurotransmitters
Have widespread effects
Act at ionotropic receptors
Result in rapid signals
16. Dopaminergic neurons in the mesolimbic pathway originate in the
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Substantia Nigra
Ventral Tegmental Area
17. Difficulty in recognizing familiar faces is seen in this disorder:
Apraxia
Contralateral neglect
Astereoagnosia
Prosopagnosia
18. The most direct way to measure electrical activity in the human brain is to use
CT
EEG
MRI
PET
19. Psychobiology, behavioral biology, and behavioral neuroscience are all approximate synonyms for
cognitive behavior
behavioral psychology
biopsychology
neurophysiology
20. An MRI study we discussed in class showed that increases in _____________ is significantly related to word production in toddlers.
receptor availability
myelination
brain stem activity
electrical signaling in the visual cortex
21. The release of neurotransmitter molecules from buttons is often triggered by
an efflux of sodium ions from the presynaptic terminal
an influx of calcium ions to the presynaptic terminal
the sodium-potassium pump
the release of calcium ions from the buttons
22. The neurons of the dorsal roots of the spinal cord are afferent, which means they are:
sensory
motor
tracts
bipolar
23. The major method of cognitive neuroscience is
single cell recording
the electroencephalogram
the electrooculogram
none of the above
24. Epigenetic research has found that there are differences in gene expression between identical twins and that these differences
do not occur in fraternal twins
decrease with age
increase with age
decrease disease susceptibility
25. The CSF circulates through the
central canal
lateral ventricles
third and fourth ventricles
all of the above
26. Which is considered to be the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS?
glycine
GABA
glutamate
serotonin
27. Gametes are produced by
mitosis
mitotic cell division
meiosis
fertilization
28. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the limbic system?
hippocampus
septum
primary motor cortex
fornix
29. During conventional Pavlovian conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly paired with the __________________, and eventually produces a conditioned response.
behavioral response
unconditioned stimulus
operant response
classical stimulus
30. In the presence of the appropriate enzyme, dopamine is converted to
norepinephrine
L-dopa
tyrosine
epinephrine
31. In comparison to the phototopic system, the scotopic system has more
rods
neural convergence
sensitivity in dim illumination
all of the above
32. After release, neurotransmitters are deactivated in the synapse by
reuptake
enzymatic degradation
G proteins
both reuptake and enzymatic degradation
33. The neural crest
develops into the peripheral nervous system
is just anterior to the neural tube
is the bottom of the neural tube
develops into the hindbrain
34. The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response is measured during
a CT scan
functional magnetic resonance imaging
a contrast X-ray
positron emission tomography
35. A method of measuring changes in the extracellular concentrations of various neurochemicals in particular sites in the brains of active laboratory animals is
cerebral dialysis
in situ hybridization
immunocytochemistry
electroencephalography
36. The parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nuclei
process color information
receive input primarily from rods
are responsive to movement
are the bottom two layers of the lateral geniculate nuclei
37. During the course of human evolution, there has been a general increase in the
size of the brain
number of cortical convolutions
size of the cortex
all of the above
38. Individuals with prosopagnosia have damage to the:
primary visual cortex
lateral geniculate nuclei
fusiform face area
posterior parietal cortex
39. The existence of complementary color afterimages supports
the opponent-process theory
the component theory
the trichromatic theory
a hierarchical model
40. Drugs that block the reuptake of a neurotransmitter from the synapse and thus increase the levels of neurotransmitters in the synapse, are usually
agonists
antagonists
enzymes
postsynaptic receptor blockers
41. Identify the correct order of postnatal functional brain development (options include cognitive, sensory, language).
Language
Cognitive
Sensory
43. Respiration increases during parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system.
True
False
44. Heart rate increases during sympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system.
True
False
45. Your options for this question are “open” or “close”.
At the initiation of an action potential, sodium channels _________
, after which potassium channels ________
. At the peak of an action potential, sodium channels begin to ________
, and during repolarization, potassium channels ________.
46. Name the correct order of the phases of an action potential.
Repolarization
Hyperpolarization
Depolarization
47. When a light is shone in the periphery of the receptive field of an on-center cell,
the firing of the cell is increased until the light is turned off.
there is an immediate period of inhibition and then a burst of firing when the light is turned off.
the firing of the cell has been inhibited after the cell has been turned off.
the cell is silent until the light comes on again.
48. The dorsal stream flows from primary visual cortex to
dorsal prestriate cortex then to inferotemporal cortex
inferotemporal cortex then to posterior parietal cortex
posterior parietal cortex then to inferotemporal cortex
dorsal prestriate cortex then to posterior parietal cortex
51. The largest ventricles in the brain are the _______________ ventricles.
